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Les logiques de description aussi appelé logiques descriptives (LDs) sont une famille de languages de représentation de connaissance qui peuvent être utilisés pour représenter la connaissance terminologique d'un domaine d'application d'une manière formelle et structurée. Le nom de logique de description se rapporte, d'une part à la description de concepts utilisée pour décrire un domaine et d'autre part à la sémantique basée sur la logique qui peut être donnée par une transcription en logique des prédicats du premier ordre. La logique de description a été développée comme une extension des frames et des réseaux sémantiques, qui ne possédaient pas de sémantique formelle basée sur la logique. Description logics (DL) are a family of knowledge representation languages which can be used to represent the concept definitions of an application domain (known as terminological knowledge) in a structured and formally well-understood way. The name description logic refers, on the one hand, to concept descriptions used to describe a domain and, on the other hand, to the logic-based semantics which can be given by a translation into first-order predicate logic. Description logic was designed as an extension to frames and semantic networks, which were not equipped with formal logic-based semantics. They form a middle ground solution: including some more expressive operations than propositional logic and having decidable or more efficient decision problems than first order predicate logic. Description logic was given its current name in the 1980s. Previous to this it was called (chronologically): terminological systems, and concept languages. Today description logic has become a cornerstone of the Semantic Web for its use in the design of ontologies. The OWL-DL and OWL-Lite sub-languages of the W3C-endorsed Web Ontology Language (OWL) are based on a description logic. The first DL-based system was KL-ONE (by Brachman and Schmolze, 1985). Some other DL systems came later. They are LOOM (1987), BACK (1988), KRIS (1991), CLASSIC (1991), FaCT (1998) and lately RACER (2001), CEL (2005), and KAON 2 (2005). |
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